Archives par mot-clé : Bibliothèque numérique

Colloque/Hackathon Savoirs /EHESS – 12 /13 mai Campus Condorcet

Savoirs est  une plateforme numérique innovante dédiée à l’anthropologie historique des savoirs proposant une collection d’instruments de recherche au service de l’anthropologie et de l’histoire des savoirs. Six mois après la mise en ligne de la plateforme, le premier colloque interdisciplinaire Savoirs qui se tient  lieu au Centre des colloques de l’EHESS sur le CampusCondorcet entend croiser deux fils : une réflexion sur le champ de l’anthropologie et de l’histoire des savoirs, qui est au cœur du projet Savoirs, et des éclairages sur l’impact des technologies numériques sur les méthodes de travail en SHS. 

Deux journées de hackathon visant à imaginer de nouvelles fonctionnalités numériques pour la plateforme Savoirs se dérouleront en même temps que le colloque.

Le projet Savoirs est né dans un nouveau champ de recherche situé au carrefour des sciences humaines et sociales et des disciplines d’érudition. Il prend pour objets les savoirs, définis comme l’ensemble des pratiques mentales, discursives, techniques et sociales par lesquelles une société, ses groupes et ses individus donnent sens au monde qui les entoure et se donnent les moyens d’interagir avec le monde.

La dimension comparatiste et interdisciplinaire de cette recherche ouvre aussi une réflexion sur nos propres pratiques et instruments, à l’heure où le numérique reconfigure nos environnements de travail, collectifs et individuels.


 

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Dlis

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Qu’est-ce qu’un document numérique au 21è siècle ? Exercice de repérages

En entrant dans l’ère du numérique, le document a connu un grand nombre de mutations qui se sont traduites au cours de ces trente dernières années par une transformation de son rapport à la technique, l’apparition d’enjeux de société inédits et l’explosion de nouveaux métiers sur le marché de l’emploi.

En passant d’une logique de stock à une logique de flux, Les technologies de gestion documentaire traitent le document dans un ensemble où il est en relation avec d’autres documents : l’information dont il est porteur en termes de métadonnées sur lui-même devient centrale et indispensable à la navigation sur le Web, au-delà ou indépendamment de l’intérêt de son contenu.

Par ailleurs, la dimension sociale du document est devenue prépondérante à l’heure de la sociabilité connectée et de la recommandation sociale. Les conditions de production et de circulation du document dans la société et la culture sont marquées par une complète recomposition de l’écosystème documentaire en termes d’édition, d’usages de lecture et d’écriture, d’acteurs, de modèles économiques et de cadre politique et législatif.
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Analyser la science : les bibliothèques numériques comme objet de recherche

Thématique du colloque

À l’ère d’Internet l’accès à un volume conséquent de publications impacte le travail des chercheurs, leur positionnement dans la communauté internationale, l’évaluation de la recherche et les modèles économiques sous-jacents. Le développement des données en libre accès (OpenData), les bibliothèques, archives et musées en ligne ne sont que quelques exemples illustrant l’évolution de la notion de texte ou document, sa diversité et sa prolifération.

Des collections issues de bibliothèques traditionnelles sont maintenant accessibles librement : Gallica, Digital Public Library of America. À ce type de bibliothèques numériques s’ajoutent les publications savantes, qui sont une part importante des publications numériques. Des acteurs francophones importants ont vu le jour aussi bien au Canada qu’en France (Persée, CAIRN, HAL, Erudit).

De récentes initiatives nationales ont également permis le développement d’importantes archives scientifiques (ISTEX en France, SwissBib en Suisse, GBV en Allemagne, Scholars Portal en Ontario) ou muséales (Europeana, Musée virtuel du Canada).

Parallèlement les méthodes automatiques de traitement se diversifient et se spécialisent : fouille de texte, méthodes d’apprentissage profond (deep learning) pour traiter des données massives, transformation d’informations en données liées.

Cependant, de nombreuses questions restent en suspens, notamment en ce qui concerne la gestion de gros corpus multithématiques. Pouvoir disposer d’outils d’analyse efficaces, capables de s’adapter à de gros volumes de données, souvent de nature hétérogène, pas toujours structurés, dans des langues variées et des domaines très spécialisés, reste un défi.

Le traitement des données numériques implique de multiples domaines (traitement automatique des langues, intelligence artificielle, linguistique, statistiques, informatique), permettant des applications diversifiées : recherche d’information, veille, évaluation de programmes de recherches, prospective…

Continuer la lecture de Analyser la science : les bibliothèques numériques comme objet de recherche

Atelier Digit_Hum 2016 les 10 et 11 octobre à l’Ens Ulm – Les bibliothèques se livrent !

atelier_digit_hum-visuel-fa632Cet atelier s’inscrit dans le cadre de journées d’études explorant les projets et les solutions techniques développés en « Digital Humanities » qui mettent en œuvre de nouveaux outils pour l’analyse et la valorisation de corpus. Le CAPHÉS et le labex TransferS ont souhaité mettre en place une journée d’études par an sur ce sujet fortement interdisciplinaire où les chercheurs, enseignants, ingénieurs et techniciens travaillant à l’École normale supérieure de Paris partagent leur expérience avec des responsables de projets innovants en humanités numériques.

Le thème de l’Atelier Digit_Hum 2016 s’est imposé à partir du constat de la prolifération des bibliothèques numériques et des expositions virtuelles, avec en filigrane la question de comment les bibliothèques se livrent ? Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement aux projets patrimoniaux visant à offrir une meilleure accessibilité à des documents culturels, que ce soit des bibliothèques généralistes ou des projets de recherches souhaitant mettre en valeur des fonds documentaires de façon innovante. Nous nous interrogerons sur l’articulation entre ces deux types de bibliothèques et donc de public ainsi que sur les spécificités des différents outils d’exploitation : concurrence ou complémentarité ?

Continuer la lecture de Atelier Digit_Hum 2016 les 10 et 11 octobre à l’Ens Ulm – Les bibliothèques se livrent !

Dlis

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Putting the users into the digital library: reflections on a MOOC teaching experience

About Anna Maria Tammaro

PhD in Information Science from University of Northumbria.
Professor of the MOOC “Digital Library in Principle and Practice” at the EMMA platform.
Professor “Digital Publishing” (2002-2016) and “Digital Library” (2000- 2013) at the University of Parma.
Chair of the IFLA Section Library Theory and Research.
Board member of the Associazione Informatica Umanistica e Cultura Digitale.

From April to May 2016, I was the teacher of the MOOC “Digital Library in principle and practice“, delivered in the European platform EMMA. The European Multiple MOOC Aggregator, called EMMA for short, is a pilot action supported by the European Union. EMMA provides a system for the delivery of free, open, online courses in multiple languages from different European universities.

MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) have two characteristics:

  • The number of participants is greater than the number of Robin Dunbar (<150), however the workload of the staff (teachers and tutors) does not increase in proportion to the increase in participants;
  • The pedagogical models are 1) cMOOCs’ (broadly, a connectivist, social learning approach that focuses on communication among participants online), 2) xMOOCs (courses that focus more on content transmission and knowledge acquisition through repetition and testing.)

MOOCs are therefore to be understood as innovative educational experiences and not to be confused with a technology platform or an aggregator. I have decided to avoid a MOOC broadcast-based (video lecture and automated quiz) but to build a c-MOOC (with a connectivist didactic approach) stimulating an active participation of the participants. It was therefore a priority to build a learning community of the MOOC.

The MOOC learning community was primarily intended for:

  • K-12 teachers at all levels, including elementary, middle, and high school teachers;
  • Continuing education or in-service facilitators supporting teachers and faculty;
  • Educators interested in educational technology and/or online instruction;
  • Cultural heritage professionals wishing to be involved in participatory educational activities;
  • Anyone with an interest in digital libraries.

The MOOC participants have been more than 800, with a clear majority of teachers (46%) and other educators as “digital activists” and professional trainers (15%) in training companies. A small percentage (only 13%) was made up of professionals and students of LIS and cultural heritage. The rest of the participants were simply interested people in digital libraries.

How have I managed to put teachers and students “into” the digital library ? How to create a learning community with participants so heterogeneous ? How I have applied a connectivist teaching approach ? My choice has been to overturn some stereotypes of my previous teaching experience on digital library, addressed to university students and professionals.  I have had first to analyse the context of the digital library for learning and later adapting the prototype to the challenge of a heterogeneous learning community. In this post I share my evaluations and reflections on this experience, highlighting what I learned, what I would do differently.

Digital Library roles for learning

Digital resources are increasingly important in the curriculum of schools of all levels and teachers spend much of their time to retrieve the Internet resources that may be of interest to their course. Yet few teachers and students know and use digital libraries ! The MOOC gave me the opportunity to present to the participants the digital libraries, defined as organisations centred on learning. I have described three possible roles of the digital library for improving learning and continuous development of teachers :

  • for accessing curated digital resources,
  • as virtual spaces ouside of the class (flipped classroom),
  • as internal laboratories into the class (makerplaces).

In developing a digital library, there are two opposite philosophies : the first is collection centered and states : “build the collection (or the digital library) and then user will come”; the second is user centered and says “design the digital library centered on users” or “engage users into the digital library”. I have always adopted the second approach, user centered, introducing the module “User & usage of digital library” to the students of the International Master Digital Library learning DILL. The experience of the MOOC allowed me to realize that the solemn declarations to put users at the center are likely to remain “slogan” if you do not represent a real change of philosophy and practice. Putting users at the center could be confused with a kind of customization, a personalisation of the interface ! Instead the active participation of the users to the digital library in the creation of content and tools should start from the education and training.

Prosumers

We are all victims of stereotypes from which we risk not to go out : one of this for the teacher is to transmit concepts to those who are completely unaware of a topic, such as academic courses for students. Instead in the lifelong learning framework, a community of users has to understand how they could take advantage of tools such as a digital library. The challenge of preparing the MOOC for a heterogeneous mass of participants let me realize this fundamental difference of approach. Learning should not take place in a separate step, and in a separate place such as the classroom or a digital library, but must be integrated into the lives of people, allowing themselves to build solutions to their problems.

The first paradigm shift or “reversal” of the MOOC has been to start from users considered as active co-creators of digital content : the idea is such as the “prosumers” (producer consumer), how they were called the first time by Alvin Toffler (1981) in his book The Third Wave. Toffler defines the prosumer as people who produce some of the products and services they need, rather than simply consume the market offerings such as passive consumers. Jenkins (2006) took over the concept of “prosumer” describing the “participatory culture”, where learning is not limited to acquire “concepts” available to be accumulated in a shopping cart. The direct use of the new knowledge must be obvious to dramatically improve professionals problematic situations, because the time and effort invested in training are immediately useful for the task to be solved – not only for a certain investment that could be useful in the future.

This concept of prosumers has not yet been studied in educational literature, also if it is very close to the pedagogical connectivist approach. The concept of prosumer has been applied instead in the literature on digital library. In the MOOC I have included two Units: one on Digital reading and one on the Enrichment of metadata, where social aspect of reading and crowdsourcing have been applied.

The MOOC pedagogical approach has been inspired by the disciplinar needs of the digital library course and stimulated by the opportunities of the platform EMMA.

To create the MOOC prosumers community, I followed some trajectories from communication and pedagogical approaches.

Structure of the MOOC

From the communication point of view, the MOOC has tried to give the opportunity to each participant to build their own individual paths of learning and at the same time be part of a community. The structure of the MOOC has been built around some problematic situation : What are digital libraries ? How can I take advantage of them ? How can I become a creator ? How can I improve learning ?

First of all, all the possibilities of the EMMA platform have been instrumental in stimulating conversations, especially the blog and the forum at the end of each Unit. From the pedagogical point of view, I have tried to be a visible teacher with frequent input, which included daily blog posts and preparing a weekly newsletters synthesising the course activity and the conversations of the week. Each lesson is divided into UNIT that carry the content and put it into practice, doing the exercises. Many of the main contents have been proposed as a debate between opposite approaches, rather than as the lesson text.

The result has been a hypertextual and interactive content, in which each block of text can be used by participants for customization and annotation (participants can prepare their Coursebook, which remains in their space also when the MOOC has been closed). This characteristic is a change in the traditional way of academic lecture teacher centered which transmits content with video and power point presentations. Each lesson begins with a video (less than 7 minutes) summarizing the main concepts. I have tried to encourage participants to collaboratively build new resources (such as list of digital libraries, Web APP register for learning, etc.) consulted and usable over time.

For example we tried to understand the concept of digital library of the participants, while prospecting the most used definitions as a starting point. This choice proved to be suitable, because it allowed me then to summarize the responses from participants evidencing their knowledge of digital libraries and clarifying misinterpretations.

Social networks have also been used. I thought that the participants could enjoy the conversations with the international digital library community, from which everyone could learn something. In practice, I have tried to bring together the MOOC community with that of the DILLers, the alumni of the International Master Digital Library Learning to stimulate a conversation between digital library experts and experts in education.

The MOOC tutor has launched periodically polls or questions that would invite participants to share their significant experiences. It has been also prepared a Newsletter of the MOOC on a weekly basis. At first we thought of a sort of ‘Orientation message’ to sum up the activities of the past week, and introduce the following week. Then it became much more! Participants provided much of the content of the newsletter, and this encouraged them: it is important for participants to feel involved and receive confirmation of having brought a contribution to the community.

The idea of the Newsletter was connected to the objective of building the learning community involving the outside community of digital librarians. So in each Newsletter issue an external expert was involved, bringing the practical experience relevant to the topic of the week, indicated by the subtitle: Explorers, Researchers, Readers and creators, Digital librarians. We have also summarized each week the most interesting conversations (and more animated) of the week, trying to bring the results to the principles set out in the summary of the lesson.

The idea of the Newsletter was also born from the need to create a communication device, such as a weekly message, that would help the participants not to lose the thread of the course, stimulated them to follow the development of lectures and discussion. Participants instead of being overwhelmed by the volume of content and conversation, could comments on the content being generated and most of them participated in the discussion forums.

Assessment and certification

For the MOOC three alumni of DILL who completed their doctorate and are now teaching in foreign universities were involved as co-authors :

Getaneh Alemu, Southampton Solent University, UK

Liliana Melgar, Universidad Carlos III Madrid

Eric Boamah, Wellington University, New Zealand

In the Unit for the digital library and digital skills has been involved Alessia Zanin Yost Penn State University.

This choice of co-teaching has helped to increase the interest in the MOOC, widening the knowledge base that one teacher can bring and in the case of the MOOC Digital Library in Principle and Practice expanding the international horizon of participants from other continents. This choice has also strengthened ties with existing communities of DILLers.

EMMA platform has facilitated the evaluation of learning both formative (during the course) and summative (the end of the course) and qualitative (based upon the judgment of teachers and peers) and quantitative (through the quiz).

The peer assessment evaluation of learning has been the most innovative part of the MOOC experimentation. The peer review assessment is to consider itself a learning exercise. For the first time I experienced the peer review assessment to correct the mass of the home tasks that were performed at the end of each week. The peer review assessment of EMMA is based on the automatic procedure forming groups with two or three assessors who assess the work.

The teacher establishes the evaluation criteria. This has, however, resulted in the first three weeks in heterogeneity of the evaluation, with opposite judgement by different evaluators. In the final fourth week, to correct this inconsistency, the evaluation criteria were decided together with the participants, through conversation in the Forum. This has encouraged uniformity and standardization in the evaluation.

What participation in a MOOC actually means ? how it should be measured? and consequently, what metrics of success are appropriate for these massive courses ?

The profile of the MOOC participants were categorized into three levels:

Registered : they visited the educational material less than 70%

Observer: they have visited at least 70% the  teaching materials

Contributor : they have interacted with the content and co-created content

The notion that people might sign up for a course not intending to complete the assessments is one that is unfamiliar to fee-charging institutions, but it is extremely common in free courses.  To get the certificate of MOOC they must have completed 70% of the course. Also the certification process is automatic and is based on visits to pages on MOOC, interactive activities and teacher and peer assessment.

What I would like to do differently

In my opinion, the role of teacher and how he can be supported by the platform is of primary importance for the MOOC. The MOOC teacher is often necessary to perform multiple roles : teacher, designer, mentor, institutional marketing, etc. in a highly visible environment and therefore highly risky.

MOOC pedagogy is not something that has just incorporated the online platform but teaching in a MOOC is different from teaching in a classroom.

A role more important could have been given by me to participants in the evaluation criteria of the MOOC. I would like to have been established in a participatory way the evaluation criteria since the first lesson of the MOOC.

 

Enquête Fonte Gaia sur les utilisateurs de bibliothèques numériques

Dans le cadre du développement de la bibliothèque numérique Fonte Gaia Bib (ou FGBib), l’équipe réalise une étude utilisateur afin de mieux vous connaître et identifier vos attentes et vos besoins. Ces informations nous seront très précieuses afin de construire une bibliothèque numérique et des services qui vous ressemblent.

À bibliothèque numérique multilingue, questionnaire multilingue : vous trouverez ci-dessous les liens vers les questionnaires français, italien et anglais.

Version française : http://goo.gl/forms/XMDxhx9g4w

Versione italiana : http://goo.gl/forms/NNrPSFw6qv

English Version : http://goo.gl/forms/gI5LkXgwWk

Le questionnaire sera en ligne pendant trois semaines. Les résultats resteront confidentiels et feront l’objet d’une série de publication, dont vous serez informés. Ils seront également intégrés à une thèse de doctorat sur les utilisateurs de bibliothèques numériques et leurs interfaces.

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